Research

Research and literature reviews on therapy, compiled by Freudche.

May 27, 2026 · 6 min read

For an expat, finding therapy in the Netherlands is a lottery, not a referral

For an internationally-mobile patient in the Netherlands, getting into therapy is structured less like a referral than like a lottery. Three draws stack up before care begins: which huisarts you register with, since reimbursed GGZ care needs a written GP referral (Rijksoverheid); whether your language is ever treated as a matching field, which it usually is not; and whether you can read a credential system where the generic title psycholoog has not been protected since 1993, while gezondheidszorgpsycholoog and psychotherapeut are protected and registered under the Wet BIG (Psychologen Amsterdam; BIG-register, 350,000+ professionals). On 1 January 2025, 16.8% of the population, more than 3 million people, were born abroad (CBS). The lived expat wait runs anywhere from about six weeks to over a year, as expats report it, never a measured national average. And the evidence that documents the barrier comes from English-language forums and expat press, which over-represent higher-resource expats, so the people hit hardest are the least visible in it. "We offer English" is the most misleading promise in the system, because offering English at intake and providing continuous English-language care are two different things.

May 27, 2026 · 6 min read

A therapist may always listen. The wall families hit is a habit wearing a legal costume

A relative calls about a loved one in care and hears "I can't tell you anything, it's confidential." Confidentiality is real, but it is a one-way duty: it governs what a clinician may share with a family, and says nothing about what a clinician may hear from one. The sector's own bodies say so plainly. Ypsilon: much more is permitted than what you often hear in the ggz. The Akwa quality standard treats involving relatives as the recommended norm. Roughly one in six Dutch informal carers now looks after someone with a psychological problem, up from one in eight five years earlier (SCP, 2020), and carers of people with mental-health problems are far likelier to feel heavily overburdened, 34% against 19% for carers overall. The only statutory family advocate exists solely for compulsory care, so the relatives of the voluntary majority have none.

May 27, 2026 · 5 min read

The first contact that never happens

The unanswered phone, the email that goes nowhere, "van het kastje naar de muur." That layer is real, but there is no Dutch figure for it; it lives as testimony, not statistic. The hard number sits one notch up, at the first conversation that never gets booked. The NZa shows 67% of intake-appointment waits breach the four-week norm, and 72,443 of 108,878 ggz waiting positions are people still waiting to be seen for the first time (NZa, 2025). The regulator has said plainly that during that wait no one owns the patient (IGJ, 2023), and the GP becomes the holding pen, with 93% reporting few or no options to refer (LHV, 2025). For someone who took weeks to work up the courage to ask, an unanswered first contact is not a delay. It is the door closing at the moment of most need.

May 27, 2026 · 5 min read

The molecule was probably right. The conversation was missing.

A patient who says they were "drugged into silence" sounds like they are arguing against the medication. The Dutch evidence reads it differently. In primary care, 94.6% of antidepressant use was in line with the NHG guideline (Piek et al., 2011), which forecloses the over-prescription story before it starts. What is documented as the problem sits around the prescription, not inside it: in a 326,025-patient cohort, of those on four or more prescriptions in the first year, 42% were still being prescribed antidepressants in every one of the five years studied (Verhaak et al., 2019), with the authors noting that proactive medication reviews grow sparser the longer the prescription runs; an institute monitoring prescribing found antidepressants used longer than recommended in 40 to 50% of users and called on prescribers to discuss the intended duration at the start (IVM); and a patient panel of more than 750 people found roughly two of three do not co-decide on their own diagnosis and treatment (MIND), against a standard of care that names the patient as the expert on their own experience. The complaint is rarely about the molecule. It is about being prescribed instead of being heard.

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Research — Freudche